The electric lightbulb replaced previously used light sources that were based on burning fuels in different states of matter (candles, kerosene or gas lamps). Electric light sources proved to be more convenient in everyday use, which drove the enormous commercial success of the lightbulb and its ubiquity in private homes and public spaces. Each lightbulb consists of a filament (i.e., a thread glowing under the influence of electricity flowing through it), a base connected to the power source, and a glass bulb that ensures the appropriate environment for the filament inside to work. The patent for the lightbulb belonged to the American inventor and entrepreneur Thomas Alva Edison.
The item presented here was produced in Vertex Elektrowerke in Germany, from 1921 a part of the Osram group, the manufacturer of different types of electric light sources. The Osram name, established in 1906, is a combination of parts of the name of elements used for the production of filaments: osmium and wolfram (Eng. tungsten). From 1922, a branch of the German group was in operation in Poland under the name ‘Polska Żarówka „Osram”’.
Interesting fact: Incandescent lightbulbs are falling out of use as the main source of light in households due to their low efficiency in comparison with LEDs and fluorescent lamps. A standard lightbulb converts only about 5% of the energy it receives into light, the other 95% being wasted as heat emitted to the environment.

References:
A. Burghart, B. Müller, W. Hanseder, 100 years of OSRAM – Light has a name, Munich, December 2006, available at: http://www.lamptech.co.uk/Documents/Companies/100%20Years%20of%20Osram.pdf (Accessed: 8.05.2021).
Lamp factories, “Lamptech” website, http://www.lamptech.co.uk/Factories.htm (Accessed: 8.05.2021).
Polska żarówka „OSRAM” S.A. (Warszawa/Pabianice), “Lighting.pl” website 1.07.2015, http://lighting.pl/Wydarzenia-branzowe/wydawnictwa-branzowe/Polska-Zarowka-OSRAM-S_A_-_Warszawa-_-Pabianice_(Accessed: 8.05.2021).